{"id":17910,"date":"2025-01-18T10:38:47","date_gmt":"2025-01-18T10:38:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/?p=17910"},"modified":"2025-01-18T10:38:47","modified_gmt":"2025-01-18T10:38:47","slug":"tehnici-de-turnare-sub-presiune-inalta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/tehnici-de-turnare-sub-presiune-inalta\/","title":{"rendered":"Tehnici de turnare sub presiune \u00eenalt\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cen turnarea sub presiune \u00eenalt\u0103, mai \u00eent\u00e2i se creeaz\u0103 o matri\u021b\u0103 \u00een forma juc\u0103riei. Apoi, se tope\u0219te metalul p\u00e2n\u0103 devine lichid, ca apa. Cu ajutorul unei ma\u0219ini mari, for\u021ba\u021bi rapid metalul fierbinte, lichid, \u00een matri\u021b\u0103 cu o presiune mare. Metalul se r\u0103ce\u0219te \u0219i devine solid, lu\u00e2nd forma matri\u021bei. \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, deschide\u021bi matri\u021ba \u0219i scoate\u021bi juc\u0103ria dvs. metalic\u0103 nou\u0103! Aceasta este turnarea sub presiune \u00eentr-o coaj\u0103 de nuc\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Se preconizeaz\u0103 c\u0103 HPDC va cre\u0219te cu $55,34 B p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2030. Cauzele cre\u0219terii sale sunt volumele mici sau mari de aplica\u021bii industriale, cum ar fi piesele auto sau electronice.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/high-pressure-die-casting-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-17911 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/high-pressure-die-casting-1-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"tehnici de turnare sub presiune \u00eenalt\u0103\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/high-pressure-die-casting-1-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/high-pressure-die-casting-1-980x980.jpg 980w, https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/high-pressure-die-casting-1-480x480.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1024px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Afla\u021bi mai multe despre acest proces \u0219i parametrii s\u0103i relevan\u021bi, cum ar fi tehnicile, proiectele, optimizarea etc., \u00een acest articol.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Tabla de con\u021binut<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Tabelul de con\u021binut\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #7c7c7c;color:#7c7c7c\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #7c7c7c;color:#7c7c7c\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/tehnici-de-turnare-sub-presiune-inalta\/#Principles_of_High-Pressure_Die_Casting\" >Principiile turn\u0103rii sub presiune de \u00eenalt\u0103 presiune<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/tehnici-de-turnare-sub-presiune-inalta\/#Role_of_Molten_Metal_Characteristics\" >Rolul caracteristicilor metalului topit<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/tehnici-de-turnare-sub-presiune-inalta\/#Impact_of_Alloy_Systems\" >Impactul sistemelor de aliaje<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/tehnici-de-turnare-sub-presiune-inalta\/#Cooling_Channels_and_Solidification_Rate\" >Canalele de r\u0103cire \u0219i rata de solidificare<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/tehnici-de-turnare-sub-presiune-inalta\/#Shot_Weight_and_Its_Significance\" >Greutatea loviturii \u0219i semnifica\u021bia sa<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/tehnici-de-turnare-sub-presiune-inalta\/#HPDC_Techniques_for_Improved_Casting_Quality\" >Tehnici HPDC pentru \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea calit\u0103\u021bii turn\u0103rii<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/tehnici-de-turnare-sub-presiune-inalta\/#1_Vacuum_Casting\" >1.   Turnare \u00een vid<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/tehnici-de-turnare-sub-presiune-inalta\/#2_Squeeze_Casting\" >2.   Turnarea prin str\u00e2ngere<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/tehnici-de-turnare-sub-presiune-inalta\/#3_Semisolid_Die_Casting\" >3.   Turnare sub presiune semisolid\u0103<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/tehnici-de-turnare-sub-presiune-inalta\/#Limitations_and_Challenges\" >Limit\u0103ri \u0219i provoc\u0103ri<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/tehnici-de-turnare-sub-presiune-inalta\/#Die_Design_and_Manufacturing_for_HPDC\" >Proiectarea \u0219i fabricarea matri\u021belor pentru HPDC<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/tehnici-de-turnare-sub-presiune-inalta\/#Factors_Influencing_Die_Life\" >Factorii care influen\u021beaz\u0103 durata de via\u021b\u0103 a matri\u021belor<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/tehnici-de-turnare-sub-presiune-inalta\/#Importance_of_Venting_and_Cooling\" >Importan\u021ba ventila\u021biei \u0219i a r\u0103cirii<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/tehnici-de-turnare-sub-presiune-inalta\/#Gating_and_Risering\" >Gating \u0219i Risering<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/tehnici-de-turnare-sub-presiune-inalta\/#Die_Materials_for_Different_Alloys\" >Materiale pentru matri\u021be pentru diferite aliaje<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/tehnici-de-turnare-sub-presiune-inalta\/#Die_Manufacturing_Processes\" >Procese de fabrica\u021bie a matri\u021belor<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/tehnici-de-turnare-sub-presiune-inalta\/#Die_Coatings\" >Acoperiri pentru matri\u021be<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/tehnici-de-turnare-sub-presiune-inalta\/#Process_Optimization_and_Control_in_HPDC\" >Optimizarea \u0219i controlul proceselor \u00een HPDC<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/tehnici-de-turnare-sub-presiune-inalta\/#Part_Analysis\" >Analiza p\u0103r\u021bii<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/tehnici-de-turnare-sub-presiune-inalta\/#Parting_Surface\" >Suprafa\u021ba de separare<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/tehnici-de-turnare-sub-presiune-inalta\/#Mold_System_Design\" >Proiectarea sistemului de turnare<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/tehnici-de-turnare-sub-presiune-inalta\/#Optimization_of_Process_Parameters\" >Optimizarea parametrilor de proces<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/tehnici-de-turnare-sub-presiune-inalta\/#2D_Documentation_and_Manufacturing\" >Documenta\u021bie 2D \u0219i fabrica\u021bie<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/tehnici-de-turnare-sub-presiune-inalta\/#HPDC_Simulation\" >Simulare HPDC<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/tehnici-de-turnare-sub-presiune-inalta\/#Adaptive_Control_and_SPC\" >Control adaptiv \u0219i SPC<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/tehnici-de-turnare-sub-presiune-inalta\/#Real-Time_Process_Control\" >Controlul proceselor \u00een timp real<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/tehnici-de-turnare-sub-presiune-inalta\/#Conclusion\" >Concluzie:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Principles_of_High-Pressure_Die_Casting\"><\/span>Principiile turn\u0103rii sub presiune de \u00eenalt\u0103 presiune<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Produc\u0103torii \u00eencep <a href=\"https:\/\/simple.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Die_casting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">turnare sub presiune \u00eenalt\u0103<\/a> cu c\u00e2teva preg\u0103tiri ini\u021biale. Aceast\u0103 preg\u0103tire include cur\u0103\u021barea matri\u021bei (postare \u0219i suflare) \u0219i blocarea ei str\u00e2ns\u0103 (blocarea modulului). Apoi, ei toarn\u0103 metalul topit \u00een recipient.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/methods-high-pressure-die-casting.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-17912 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/methods-high-pressure-die-casting-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"principii de turnare sub presiune de \u00eenalt\u0103 presiune\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/methods-high-pressure-die-casting-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/methods-high-pressure-die-casting-980x980.jpg 980w, https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/methods-high-pressure-die-casting-480x480.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1024px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sistemele de injec\u021bie montate pe ma\u0219ini pompeaz\u0103 metalul spre matri\u021b\u0103 la o presiune cuprins\u0103 \u00eentre 10 MPa \u0219i 150 MPa. Acest sistem poate trece \u00een trei faze.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen timpul umplerii, aplica\u021bi o presiune sc\u0103zut\u0103 la prima faz\u0103, cre\u0219te\u021bi viteza \u0219i presiunea la a doua faz\u0103 \u0219i men\u021bine\u021bi o presiune constant\u0103 la a treia faz\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Etapa de solidificare transform\u0103 particulele topite \u00een forme dure. Aceasta le modeleaz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de profilul articolului. \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, produc\u0103torii deschid matri\u021ba \u0219i \u00eendep\u0103rteaz\u0103 piesa metalic\u0103 solid\u0103.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Role_of_Molten_Metal_Characteristics\"><\/span>Rolul caracteristicilor metalului topit<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Ar trebui s\u0103 men\u021bine\u021bi v\u00e2scozitatea \u0219i fluiditatea ridicat\u0103 \u00een metalul topit \u00een jur de 1-10 mPa-s \u0219i, respectiv, 20-50 cm distan\u021b\u0103 de curgere. Aceasta va umple f\u0103r\u0103 probleme substan\u021bele din interiorul matri\u021bei. Mai mult, men\u021bine\u021bi o temperatur\u0103 de 20-30 \u00b0C peste punctul de topire pentru a regla ace\u0219ti parametri.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te punctele de topire ale metalelor, acestea variaz\u0103. De exemplu, aluminiul are 660 \u00b0C, zincul are 419,5 \u00b0C \u0219i magneziul are 650 \u00b0C. Deci au nevoie de c\u0103ldur\u0103 constant\u0103.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Impact_of_Alloy_Systems\"><\/span>Impactul sistemelor de aliaje<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Cele mai comune tipuri de aliaje ale HPDC sunt aluminiul, magneziul \u0219i zincul. Dar acestea sunt diferite \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te natura \u0219i atributele. De exemplu, aluminiul con\u021bine o densitate de 2,7 g\/cm\u00b3 \u0219i este u\u0219or \u00een greutate. \u00cel pute\u021bi utiliza pentru piese structurale precum blocuri de motor sau carcase de angrenaje.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen schimb, magneziul are o densitate de 1,7 g\/cm\u00b3. De asemenea, este mai u\u0219or. Acesta este utilizat, de obicei, pentru tipuri de piese de tip cadru pentru scaune auto.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen timp ce zincul are o densitate de 7,1 g\/cm\u00b3 \u0219i v\u0103 poate costa $1,80\/kg. Este o op\u021biune bun\u0103 pentru piese mici sau detaliate, cum ar fi conectori \u0219i suporturi.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cooling_Channels_and_Solidification_Rate\"><\/span>Canalele de r\u0103cire \u0219i rata de solidificare<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u00cencerca\u021bi s\u0103 men\u021bine\u021bi temperatura canalelor de r\u0103cire din matri\u021b\u0103 la aproximativ 200-300 \u00b0C. Acest interval este potrivit pentru a ob\u021bine rezultate optime. De exemplu, reduce stresul termic, \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021be\u0219te structura granulelor \u0219i cre\u0219te rezisten\u021ba \u0219i calitatea pieselor.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen plus, aplicarea unei r\u0103ciri mai rapide minimizeaz\u0103 dimensiunea granulelor<strong>. <\/strong>Ofer\u0103 rezisten\u021b\u0103 pieselor \u0219i creeaz\u0103 suprafe\u021be netede.<\/p>\n<p>De exemplu, atunci c\u00e2nd produc\u0103torii produc piese din aluminiu aplic\u00e2nd o rat\u0103 de r\u0103cire de 250 \u00b0C, ei constat\u0103 c\u0103 acestea au o rezisten\u021b\u0103 la trac\u021biune 20% mai mare dec\u00e2t r\u0103cirea mai lent\u0103.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shot_Weight_and_Its_Significance\"><\/span>Greutatea loviturii \u0219i semnifica\u021bia sa<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Ad\u0103ugarea \u00een matri\u021b\u0103 a parametrilor corec\u021bi ai greut\u0103\u021bii de injec\u021bie (cantitatea de metal) reduce defectele. De obicei, 80-95% din volumul cavit\u0103\u021bii matri\u021bei. Trebuie s\u0103 m\u0103sura\u021bi metalul topit \u00eenainte de injectare.<\/p>\n<p>Men\u021bine\u021bi cantitatea de greutate a loviturii mai mare dec\u00e2t greutatea piesei de aproximativ 2-3 ori. Deoarece se poate risipi din cauza rev\u0103rs\u0103rilor, a canalelor sau a matri\u021belor.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"HPDC_Techniques_for_Improved_Casting_Quality\"><\/span>Tehnici HPDC pentru \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea calit\u0103\u021bii turn\u0103rii<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Vacuum_Casting\"><\/span>1.   Turnare \u00een vid<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u00cen timpul turn\u0103rii \u00een vid, turn\u0103torii topesc lingoul \u00eentr-un cuptor. Ace\u0219tia transfer\u0103 metalul topit \u00eentr-o camer\u0103 de vid cu ajutorul unui piston. Metalul este apoi \u00eempins spre matri\u021ba de o\u021bel sub un nivel de vid de 50-100 mbar. Dup\u0103 r\u0103cire, ve\u021bi ob\u021bine piesa de form\u0103 aproape net\u0103 prin deschiderea jum\u0103t\u0103\u021bilor de matri\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/vacuum-casting.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-17913 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/vacuum-casting-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"turnare \u00een vid de \u00eenalt\u0103 presiune mor \" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/vacuum-casting-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/vacuum-casting-980x980.jpg 980w, https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/vacuum-casting-480x480.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1024px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Vidul din cavitatea matri\u021bei elimin\u0103 aici aerul \u0219i anumite defecte. Aceasta este metoda \u00eencorporat\u0103. Minimizeaz\u0103 prinderea aerului. Aceasta poate sl\u0103bi materialul.<\/p>\n<p>Este mai bun\u0103 dec\u00e2t metoda tradi\u021bional\u0103 HPDC. Configura\u021bia de turnare \u00een vid v\u0103 poate costa $200.000 \u0219i ofer\u0103 un timp de ciclu pe pies\u0103 de aproximativ 1-2 minute.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Squeeze_Casting\"><\/span>2.   Turnarea prin str\u00e2ngere<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u00cen metoda de stoarcere, produc\u0103torii topesc mai \u00eent\u00e2i metalul \u00eentr-un creuzet \u0219i apoi \u00eel toarn\u0103 \u00een matri\u021b\u0103 sub presiune ridicat\u0103 (de obicei 100-150 MPa). Ei umplu complet \u00eentreaga sec\u021biune prin ap\u0103sarea pumnului.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/squeeze-casting.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-17914 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/squeeze-casting-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"ce este turnarea prin stoarcere\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/squeeze-casting-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/squeeze-casting-980x980.jpg 980w, https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/squeeze-casting-480x480.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1024px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Aceast\u0103 pies\u0103 de perforare ajut\u0103 la \u00eendep\u0103rtarea oric\u0103rei prezen\u021be sau cauzeaz\u0103 goluri de aer din matri\u021b\u0103. Pinii de ejec\u021bie monta\u021bi pe matri\u021b\u0103 \u00eemping afar\u0103 piesa turnat\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd aceasta se r\u0103ce\u0219te \u0219i se solidific\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Turnarea prin stoarcere poate produce piese dense precum blocuri motor \u0219i carcase de cutii de viteze. Cu toate acestea, necesit\u0103 un ciclu mai lung (2 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 4 minute) \u0219i investi\u021bii mai mari, de p\u00e2n\u0103 la $250.000. Aceasta utilizeaz\u0103 \u00een \u00eentregime lichidul. Pute\u021bi utiliza metoda de turnare prin stoarcere pentru piese puternice, cum ar fi componentele motorului.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Semisolid_Die_Casting\"><\/span>3.   Turnare sub presiune semisolid\u0103<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Pentru turnarea semisolid\u0103 sub presiune, prepara\u021bi suspensia metalic\u0103 folosind metoda indus\u0103 de gaz. Suspensia trebuie s\u0103 fie par\u021bial sub form\u0103 lichid\u0103 \u0219i o frac\u021biune par\u021bial solid\u0103 (30-70%). Apoi, aceast\u0103 suspensie se \u00eencarc\u0103 \u00een matri\u021b\u0103 prin sisteme de injec\u021bie.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/semishield-casting.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-17915 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/semishield-casting-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"turnare sub presiune semisolid\u0103\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/semishield-casting-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/semishield-casting-980x980.jpg 980w, https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/semishield-casting-480x480.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1024px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sistemele de prindere ale matri\u021belor r\u0103m\u00e2n bine fixate p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd metalul este limat uniform \u0219i modeleaz\u0103 produsul.<\/p>\n<p>Men\u021bine\u021bi parametrii, cum ar fi temperatura de prelucrare chiar sub punctul de topire al topiturii \u0219i presoare de 50-100 MPa.<\/p>\n<p>Combina\u021bia de turnare \u0219i forjare diferen\u021biaz\u0103 acest proces de turnarea \u00een vid \u0219i prin stoarcere. Poate necesita un buget cuprins \u00eentre $ 300 000 \u0219i $400 000 \u0219i un ciclu de 1 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 3 pe unitate.<\/p>\n<p>Pute\u021bi utiliza acest proces pentru a realiza piese cu microstructur\u0103. Deoarece acesta este cel mai bun pentru a le oferi rezisten\u021ba \u0219i precizia necesare.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Limitations_and_Challenges\"><\/span>Limit\u0103ri \u0219i provoc\u0103ri<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Turnare \u00een vid<\/strong>: Acest procedeu presupune investi\u021bii mari, de aproximativ $200.000. V\u0103 pute\u021bi confrunta cu dificult\u0103\u021bi \u00een crearea componentelor cu pere\u021bi sub\u021biri cu aceast\u0103 tehnic\u0103. Deoarece nu suport\u0103 grosimi mai mici de 3 mm. \u00cen plus, nu pute\u021bi realiza o pies\u0103 foarte complex\u0103. De exemplu, piesele care includ decupaje sau col\u021buri ascu\u021bite \u0219i a c\u0103ror complexitate dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te 7-8 pe o scar\u0103 de 10 puncte nu pot fi ob\u021binute prin turnare \u00een vid.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Squeeze casting<\/strong>: Aceasta face ca ciclul de produc\u021bie s\u0103 fie mai lent cu p\u00e2n\u0103 la 20-30% dec\u00e2t turnarea \u00een vid. Turnarea prin stoarcere este costisitoare pentru industriile de serie mic\u0103 (costuri de instalare de aproximativ $250.000). De asemenea, acest proces nu poate produce piese cu pere\u021bi sub\u021biri sub 4 mm grosime. \u00cen plus, nu v\u0103 permite s\u0103 produce\u021bi forme complexe, cum ar fi structuri complexe de tip re\u021bea.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Turnare sub presiune semisolid\u0103<\/strong>: Procesul semisolid este mai costisitor dec\u00e2t turnarea \u00een vid \u0219i turnarea prin stoarcere. Este limitat la anumite aliaje potrivite pentru st\u0103rile semisolide. \u00cen plus, v\u0103 solicit\u0103 eforturi mari dac\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 realiza\u021bi piese cu grosimi mai mici de 5 mm. De asemenea, semisolidele nu faciliteaz\u0103 geometriile extreme care dep\u0103\u0219esc un nivel de complexitate de 9 pe o scar\u0103 de 10 puncte.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Die_Design_and_Manufacturing_for_HPDC\"><\/span>Proiectarea \u0219i fabricarea matri\u021belor pentru HPDC<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Factors_Influencing_Die_Life\"><\/span>Factorii care influen\u021beaz\u0103 durata de via\u021b\u0103 a matri\u021belor<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Trebuie s\u0103 \u0219ti\u021bi c\u0103 ciclurile termice apar la schimb\u0103ri de temperatur\u0103 de 200-400 \u00b0C. Aceasta cauzeaz\u0103 fisuri.<\/p>\n<p>De asemenea, dac\u0103 \u00eempingi metalul la viteze de peste 50 m\/s, acesta uzeaz\u0103 suprafa\u021ba. Aceasta duce la eroziune.<\/p>\n<p>Unii al\u021bi factori care apar \u00een metale \u00een timp includ coroziunea, rugina, rezisten\u021ba \u0219i sl\u0103biciunea. Aceste efecte apar deoarece metalele lor con\u021bin adesea mai mult de 2% clor. Acesta reduce durata de via\u021b\u0103 a matri\u021bei cu 30-50%.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Importance_of_Venting_and_Cooling\"><\/span>Importan\u021ba ventila\u021biei \u0219i a r\u0103cirii<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Optimiza\u021bi sistemele de ventila\u021bie pentru a reduce sc\u0103p\u0103rile de aer \u00een timpul turn\u0103rii. Aceste set\u0103ri trebuie s\u0103 men\u021bin\u0103 un debit de aer de 100-150 cm\u00b3\/s.  Evita\u021bi supra\u00eenc\u0103lzirea \u0219i men\u021bine\u021bi procesul de temperatur\u0103 a matri\u021bei. Pentru aceasta, seta\u021bi canalele de r\u0103cire \u00eentre 200\u00b0C \u0219i 250\u00b0C.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen plus, o problem\u0103 neglijat\u0103, cum ar fi stresul termic<strong>,<\/strong> apare atunci c\u00e2nd nu reu\u0219i\u021bi s\u0103 regla\u021bi diferen\u021bele de temperatur\u0103 care dep\u0103\u0219esc 50 \u00b0C. Acest lucru cauzeaz\u0103 fisurarea \u0219i deformarea matri\u021bei.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gating_and_Risering\"><\/span>Gating \u0219i Risering<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/gating-system.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-17916 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/gating-system-1024x536.jpg\" alt=\"gating \u0219i risering\" width=\"1024\" height=\"536\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/gating-system-1024x536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/gating-system-980x513.jpg 980w, https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/gating-system-480x251.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1024px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Acestea controleaz\u0103 fluxul de metale lichefiate cu o grosime a canalelor de 5-10 mm. \u00centre timp, rigolele din instala\u021biile de prelucrare au rolul de a umple uniform substan\u021bele din matri\u021b\u0103. Acestea utilizeaz\u0103 un diametru de 20-30 mm. Alinierea necorespunz\u0103toare a acestor factori poate cauza porozitate \u00een produse.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Die_Materials_for_Different_Alloys\"><\/span>Materiale pentru matri\u021be pentru diferite aliaje<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Acesta este cel mai important aspect de luat \u00een considerare. \u00cencerca\u021bi s\u0103 alege\u021bi cel mai puternic aliaj pentru realizarea unei matri\u021be, \u021bin\u00e2nd cont \u00een acela\u0219i timp de metalul produs care este turnat. De exemplu, o\u021bel, cupru sau aluminiu.<\/p>\n<p>Cu toate acestea, o\u021belul este utilizat mai ales \u00een matri\u021be, deoarece este rezistent \u0219i poate suporta temperaturi ridicate. Cuprul este un metal bun care poate transfera eficient c\u0103ldura \u00een piese. Aluminiul este \u00eentotdeauna disponibil pentru realizarea pieselor u\u0219oare.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Die_Manufacturing_Processes\"><\/span>Procese de fabrica\u021bie a matri\u021belor<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Pute\u021bi realiza matri\u021be folosind dou\u0103 metode. Dintre acestea, una este prelucrarea prin desc\u0103rcare electric\u0103 (EDM), iar cealalt\u0103 este <a href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/prelucrare-cnc-de-precizie\/\">prelucrare CNC de precizie<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Procesul EDM este potrivit pentru fabricarea matri\u021belor cu t\u0103ieturi minime de 0,01 mm. Acesta vaporizeaz\u0103 materialul cu ajutorul desc\u0103rc\u0103rilor electrice.<\/p>\n<p>Cu ajutorul CNC, produc\u0103torii integreaz\u0103 instrumente automate pentru a realiza matri\u021be cu forme complexe. Acest proces este bun pentru prototipuri \u0219i forme cu toleran\u021be de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 0,1 mm.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Die_Coatings\"><\/span>Acoperiri pentru matri\u021be<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0218ti\u021bi c\u0103 aplicarea de acoperiri ceramice sau galvanice pe o matri\u021b\u0103 \u00eei poate \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi durata de via\u021b\u0103 cu 30-50%? Pute\u021bi aplica acoperiri ceramice pe piese care ar trebui s\u0103 fie expuse la peste 300 \u00b0C. Cu toate acestea, electroplacarea poate cre\u0219te durabilitatea suprafe\u021bei \u0219i finisarea matri\u021belor.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Process_Optimization_and_Control_in_HPDC\"><\/span>Optimizarea \u0219i controlul proceselor \u00een HPDC<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Part_Analysis\"><\/span>Analiza p\u0103r\u021bii<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Analiza\u021bi piesa \u0219i verifica\u021bi caracterul practic al proiectului de turnare. Concentra\u021bi-v\u0103 pe grosimea peretelui (de obicei 2-5 mm) \u0219i pe unghiurile de tragere ( 1-3 grade) pentru o ejec\u021bie lin\u0103. Aceast\u0103 faz\u0103 v\u0103 demonstreaz\u0103 zonele reale de eroare \u0219i punctele de stres.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Parting_Surface\"><\/span>Suprafa\u021ba de separare<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Men\u021bine\u021bi suprafe\u021bele de separare plate sau asigura\u021bi-v\u0103 c\u0103 urmeaz\u0103 contururile naturale. Acest lucru va reduce str\u0103lucirea \u0219i va permite \u00eendep\u0103rtarea u\u0219oar\u0103 a piesei turnate. De asemenea, reduce timpul de prelucrare cu 20-30%.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mold_System_Design\"><\/span>Proiectarea sistemului de turnare<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Principalele componente ale modelelor de matri\u021be pot fi por\u021bile, jgheaburile \u0219i gurile de aerisire. Optimiza\u021bi-le pentru un flux uniform. De exemplu, lungimea canalelor (100-200 mm) \u0219i grosimea por\u021bii (5-10 mm) pot face ca produc\u021bia dvs. s\u0103 fie f\u0103r\u0103 defecte.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Optimization_of_Process_Parameters\"><\/span>Optimizarea parametrilor de proces<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Parametrii procesului includ viteza de injec\u021bie (4-6 m\/s pentru umplere uniform\u0103), presiunea de men\u021binere (500-800 bar) \u0219i rata de r\u0103cire (20-50 \u00b0C\/s). Trebuie s\u0103 le seta\u021bi corespunz\u0103tor pentru a realiza piese cu dimensiuni exacte \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 erori.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2D_Documentation_and_Manufacturing\"><\/span>Documenta\u021bie 2D \u0219i fabrica\u021bie<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Desenele tehnice 2D v\u0103 ajut\u0103 s\u0103 urm\u0103ri\u021bi detaliile de proiectare \u0219i s\u0103 minimiza\u021bi defectele. Pentru aceasta, produc\u0103torii utilizeaz\u0103 prelucrarea CNC \u0219i EDM pentru matri\u021be. \u00cen acest fel, ei pot ob\u021bine toleran\u021be de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 0,01 mm.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"HPDC_Simulation\"><\/span>Simulare HPDC<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u00cen HPDC, simularea fluidodinamic\u0103 computa\u021bional\u0103 (CFD) \u0219i analiza elementelor finite (FEA) sunt utile. Acestea pot gestiona condi\u021biile termice, de curgere \u0219i de stres \u00een proiectarea matri\u021belor. \u00cen plus, cu ajutorul acestora pute\u021bi reduce timpii de execu\u021bie cu aproximativ 40%. Acestea \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021besc \u00een continuare calitatea de prim\u0103 dat\u0103.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Adaptive_Control_and_SPC\"><\/span>Control adaptiv \u0219i SPC<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Sistemele de control adaptiv includ algoritmi AI. Cu ajutorul acestora pute\u021bi modifica dinamic set\u0103rile procesului. De asemenea, v\u0103 ajut\u0103 s\u0103 reduce\u021bi risipa de materiale cu 20-30%, s\u0103 reduce\u021bi costurile de produc\u021bie \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi\u021bi calitatea.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen mod similar, utiliz\u00e2nd controlul statistic al proceselor (SPC), pute\u021bi monitoriza \u0219i controla produc\u021bia. Acesta \u00eei ajut\u0103 pe produc\u0103tori s\u0103 ob\u021bin\u0103 rezultate consecvente prin analizarea tendin\u021belor datelor. De asemenea, ei pot elimina variabilitatea parametrilor critici.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Real-Time_Process_Control\"><\/span>Controlul proceselor \u00een timp real<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Acum pute\u021bi ajusta set\u0103rile \u00een timpul turn\u0103rii prin intermediul senzorilor \u0219i actuatorilor. Termocuplurile m\u0103soar\u0103 temperatura metalelor (200\u00b0C-450\u00b0C).<\/p>\n<p>Traductoarele transform\u0103 cantit\u0103\u021bile fizice de presiune de injec\u021bie (500-1200 bar) \u00een semnale electrice. Prin urmare, adoptarea controlului procesului \u00een timp real v\u0103 permite s\u0103 men\u021bine\u021bi parametrii instantaneu.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Concluzie:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Produc\u0103torii folosesc metoda turn\u0103rii sub presiune de \u00eenalt\u0103 presiune pentru a realiza piese cu detalii bune. Este cea mai rapid\u0103 tehnic\u0103. Aceasta poate transforma aluminiul, zincul sau magneziul topit \u00een piese pentru aplica\u021bii de diferite forme. Cu toate acestea, dezvoltarea unei matri\u021be perfecte este important\u0103. Deoarece are un impact direct asupra rezultatelor finale. Prin urmare, \u00eencerca\u021bi s\u0103 utiliza\u021bi instrumente avansate precum AI, FEA, CFD etc., pentru a ajusta instantaneu parametrii HPDC.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In high pressure die casting, first, you create a mold in the shape of the toy. Then, you melt metal until it&#8217;s liquid, like water. Using a big machine, you quickly force the hot, liquid metal into the mold with a lot of pressure. The metal cools down and becomes solid, taking the shape of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":17917,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[57],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17910","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-high-pressure-die-casting"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17910","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17910"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17910\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17917"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17910"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17910"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17910"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}