{"id":18187,"date":"2025-03-16T05:01:27","date_gmt":"2025-03-16T05:01:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/?p=18187"},"modified":"2025-03-16T05:01:27","modified_gmt":"2025-03-16T05:01:27","slug":"aliaje-de-aluminiu-turnabile","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/aliaje-de-aluminiu-turnabile\/","title":{"rendered":"Aliaje de aluminiu turnabile: Compozi\u021bie, propriet\u0103\u021bi \u0219i aplica\u021bii explicate"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Aliajele de aluminiu turnabile ofer\u0103 propriet\u0103\u021bi mecanice diverse. Tipurile comune includ A356, A357 \u0219i A380. Tratamentele termice precum T6 sporesc rezisten\u021ba. Acestea sunt utilizate \u00een industria auto, aerospa\u021bial\u0103 \u0219i inginerie general\u0103. Propriet\u0103\u021bile cheie sunt rezisten\u021ba la trac\u021biune, alungirea \u0219i duritatea. Alegerea aliajului depinde de nevoile aplica\u021biei.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen acest articol, ve\u021bi ob\u021bine cuno\u0219tin\u021be de baz\u0103 despre diferitele tipuri de aliaje de aluminiu turnabile.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Tabla de con\u021binut<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Tabelul de con\u021binut\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #7c7c7c;color:#7c7c7c\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #7c7c7c;color:#7c7c7c\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/aliaje-de-aluminiu-turnabile\/#Overview_of_Castable_Aluminum_Alloys\" >Prezentare general\u0103 a aliajelor de aluminiu turnabile<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/aliaje-de-aluminiu-turnabile\/#Definition_and_Importance\" >Defini\u021bie \u0219i importan\u021b\u0103<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/aliaje-de-aluminiu-turnabile\/#Composition_and_Properties_of_Castable_Aluminum_Alloys\" >Compozi\u021bia \u0219i propriet\u0103\u021bile aliajelor de aluminiu turnabile<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/aliaje-de-aluminiu-turnabile\/#Alloy_Composition\" >Compozi\u021bia aliajului<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/aliaje-de-aluminiu-turnabile\/#Role_of_Trace_Elements\" >Rolul oligoelementelor<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/aliaje-de-aluminiu-turnabile\/#Microscopic_Structure_and_Composition\" >Structura \u0219i compozi\u021bia microscopic\u0103<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/aliaje-de-aluminiu-turnabile\/#Mechanical_and_Physical_Properties\" >Propriet\u0103\u021bi mecanice \u0219i fizice<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/aliaje-de-aluminiu-turnabile\/#Strength_and_Ductility\" >Rezisten\u021b\u0103 \u0219i ductilitate:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/aliaje-de-aluminiu-turnabile\/#Corrosion_Resistance\" >Rezisten\u021ba la coroziune<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/aliaje-de-aluminiu-turnabile\/#Thermal_and_Electrical_Conductivity\" >Conductivitate termic\u0103 \u0219i electric\u0103<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/aliaje-de-aluminiu-turnabile\/#Impact_of_Heat_Treatment\" >Impactul tratamentului termic<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/aliaje-de-aluminiu-turnabile\/#Common_Aluminum_Alloy_Grades\" >Gradele comune ale aliajelor de aluminiu<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/aliaje-de-aluminiu-turnabile\/#A380\" >A380<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/aliaje-de-aluminiu-turnabile\/#A356\" >A356<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/aliaje-de-aluminiu-turnabile\/#6061\" >6061<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/aliaje-de-aluminiu-turnabile\/#ADC12\" >ADC12<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/aliaje-de-aluminiu-turnabile\/#LM25\" >LM25<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/aliaje-de-aluminiu-turnabile\/#LM6\" >LM6<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/aliaje-de-aluminiu-turnabile\/#5200\" >520.0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/aliaje-de-aluminiu-turnabile\/#319\" >319<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/aliaje-de-aluminiu-turnabile\/#413\" >413<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/aliaje-de-aluminiu-turnabile\/#535\" >535<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/aliaje-de-aluminiu-turnabile\/#Casting_Processes_for_Aluminum_Alloys\" >Procese de turnare pentru aliaje de aluminiu<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/aliaje-de-aluminiu-turnabile\/#Die_Casting\" >Turnare sub presiune<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/aliaje-de-aluminiu-turnabile\/#Sand_Casting\" >Sand Casting<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/aliaje-de-aluminiu-turnabile\/#Investment_Casting\" >Turnare de investi\u021bii<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/aliaje-de-aluminiu-turnabile\/#Challenges_and_Solutions_in_Aluminum_Casting\" >Provoc\u0103ri \u0219i solu\u021bii \u00een turnarea aluminiului<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/aliaje-de-aluminiu-turnabile\/#Casting_Defects\" >Defecte de turnare<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/aliaje-de-aluminiu-turnabile\/#Alloy_Selection\" >Selectarea aliajului<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/aliaje-de-aluminiu-turnabile\/#Heat_Treatment_Challenges\" >Provoc\u0103rile tratamentului termic<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/aliaje-de-aluminiu-turnabile\/#Conclusion\" >Concluzie:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Overview_of_Castable_Aluminum_Alloys\"><\/span>Prezentare general\u0103 a aliajelor de aluminiu turnabile<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Definition_and_Importance\"><\/span>Defini\u021bie \u0219i importan\u021b\u0103<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Exist\u0103 multe aliaje pentru turnare. Unele dintre acestea sunt aliaje de aluminiu. Aluminiul con\u021bine un amestec de alte elemente (cum ar fi magneziu sau siliciu). Asta produce diferitele sale aliaje.<\/p>\n<p>Aluminiul se tope\u0219te la temperaturi de aproximativ 660 \u00b0C. Aceast\u0103 form\u0103 topit\u0103 intr\u0103 apoi \u00een matri\u021b\u0103 pentru a c\u0103p\u0103ta o form\u0103 profilat\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Datorit\u0103 greut\u0103\u021bii lor reduse, cu o densitate de 2,7 g\/cm\u00b3, aceste aliaje sunt de 3 ori mai u\u0219oare dec\u00e2t o\u021belul. Acesta este motivul pentru care sunt potrivite pentru multe dintre aplica\u021bii. De exemplu, ma\u0219ini, avioane \u0219i utilaje.<\/p>\n<p>De asemenea, acestea rezist\u0103 bine la coroziune \u0219i pot fi realizate \u00een orice form\u0103, fiind \u00een acela\u0219i timp puternice.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Composition_and_Properties_of_Castable_Aluminum_Alloys\"><\/span>Compozi\u021bia \u0219i propriet\u0103\u021bile aliajelor de aluminiu turnabile<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<table class=\"x1mwwwfo x1gukg7c x1n2onr6 x140o2bo x1bl4301\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xljulmy x7wzq59 x13vifvy xpeg176 x1b1u5bx x95da8x x18qtup9 xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">Denumirea aliajului<\/th>\n<th class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xljulmy x7wzq59 x13vifvy xpeg176 x1b1u5bx x95da8x x18qtup9 xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">Compozi\u021bie (wt%)<\/th>\n<th class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xljulmy x7wzq59 x13vifvy xpeg176 x1b1u5bx x95da8x x18qtup9 xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">Densitate (g\/cm\u00b3)<\/th>\n<th class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xljulmy x7wzq59 x13vifvy xpeg176 x1b1u5bx x95da8x x18qtup9 xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">Rezisten\u021ba la trac\u021biune (MPa)<\/th>\n<th class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xljulmy x7wzq59 x13vifvy xpeg176 x1b1u5bx x95da8x x18qtup9 xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">Rezisten\u021ba la cedare (MPa)<\/th>\n<th class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xljulmy x7wzq59 x13vifvy xpeg176 x1b1u5bx x95da8x x18qtup9 xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">Elonga\u021bie (%)<\/th>\n<th class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xljulmy x7wzq59 x13vifvy xpeg176 x1b1u5bx x95da8x x18qtup9 xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">Rezisten\u021ba la coroziune<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">A356<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">Al-7Si-0.3Mg<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">2.68<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">310-380<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">180-220<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">6-8<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">Bun<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">A357<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">Al-7Si-0,5Mg<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">2.68<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">360-420<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">240-280<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">6-8<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">Bun<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">319<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">Al-6Si-4Cu<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">2.79<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">240-300<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">140-180<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">2-4<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">Corect<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">413<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">Al-12Si-1Cu<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">2.67<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">230-280<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">130-170<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">2-4<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">Corect<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">A413<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">Al-12Si-1Cu-0,5Mg<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">2.67<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">260-310<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">160-200<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">2-4<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">Corect<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">535<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">Al-6Si-2Mg-0,5Cu<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">2.65<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">290-350<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">180-230<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">6-8<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">Bun<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">713<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">Al-7Si-1Cu-0,5Mg<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">2.72<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">300-360<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">200-250<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">6-8<\/td>\n<td class=\"x8cjs6t x1ch86jh x80vd3b xckqwgs x13fuv20 xu3j5b3 x1q0q8m5 x26u7qi x178xt8z xm81vs4 xso031l xy80clv x1mzt3pk xt4736n x1havqas x1f0sm9e x12qp5cl xz9dl7a xn6708d xsag5q8 x1ye3gou\">Bun<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Alloy_Composition\"><\/span>Compozi\u021bia aliajului<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Formarea aliajelor de aluminiu turnabile include compozi\u021bia mai multor elemente. De exemplu, aluminiul poate con\u021bine siliciu (5-12%), magneziu (0,2-10%), cupru (1-4%) sau zinc (1-3%).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/output-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-18189 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/output-1-1024x610.png\" alt=\"alungirea aliajelor de aluminiu turnabile\" width=\"1024\" height=\"610\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/output-1-980x584.png 980w, https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/output-1-480x286.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1024px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Siliciul se tope\u0219te la 577\u00b0C, ceea ce \u00eel face s\u0103 umple mai bine matri\u021bele. \u00centre timp, magneziul ajut\u0103 la ob\u021binerea unei rezisten\u021be mai mari, deoarece formeaz\u0103 precipita\u021bii fine. Cuprul dezvolt\u0103 duritate.<\/p>\n<p>De exemplu, \u00een aliajul A380 exist\u0103 8-10% siliciu \u0219i 3-4% cupru. Acesta este motivul pentru care ofer\u0103 o fluiditate ridicat\u0103, r\u0103sp\u00e2ndindu-se pe spa\u021bii de matri\u021b\u0103 \u00eenguste de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 0,1 mm.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Role_of_Trace_Elements\"><\/span>Rolul oligoelementelor<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Cantit\u0103\u021bi mici de elemente precum fierul (&lt;1%) \u00eempiedic\u0103 lipirea de matri\u021be, iar manganul (0,5%) \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021be\u0219te rezisten\u021ba la coroziune.<\/p>\n<p>Turnarea aliajelor de aluminiu evit\u0103 lipirea matri\u021bei din cauza aportului de cantit\u0103\u021bi mici de oligoelemente precum fierul (&lt;1%).<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen mod similar, acestea rezist\u0103 bine la coroziune \u0219i au granula\u021bii mai mici datorit\u0103 manganului (0,5%) \u0219i, respectiv, titanului (0,2%). Aceasta reduce, de asemenea, fisurile ca rezultat.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Microscopic_Structure_and_Composition\"><\/span>Structura \u0219i compozi\u021bia microscopic\u0103<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/composition-of-castable-alloys.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-18190 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/composition-of-castable-alloys-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"compozi\u021bie de aliaje de aluminiu turnabile\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/composition-of-castable-alloys-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/composition-of-castable-alloys-980x980.jpg 980w, https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/composition-of-castable-alloys-480x480.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1024px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Imaginea men\u021bionat\u0103 descrie efectul compozi\u021biei asupra structurii granulelor. De exemplu, granula\u021bia grosier\u0103 (50-100 \u00b5m l\u0103\u021bime) apare \u00een faza ini\u021bial\u0103 a turn\u0103rii.<\/p>\n<p>Elementele de siliciu (10-20 \u00b5m) ob\u021bin o rezisten\u021b\u0103 ridicat\u0103, bloc\u00e2nd disloca\u021biile. \u00centre timp, nuclea\u021bia se formeaz\u0103 \u00eentr-un punct al grani\u021belor de gr\u0103un\u021bi (GBs). Nucleele cresc p\u00e2n\u0103 la starea matricei pe parcursul r\u0103cirii.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mechanical_and_Physical_Properties\"><\/span>Propriet\u0103\u021bi mecanice \u0219i fizice<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/output.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-18188 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/output-1024x611.png\" alt=\"diagram\u0103 de rezisten\u021b\u0103 la trac\u021biune aliaje de aluminiu turnabile\" width=\"1024\" height=\"611\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/output-980x584.png 980w, https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/output-480x286.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1024px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Strength_and_Ductility\"><\/span>Rezisten\u021b\u0103 \u0219i ductilitate:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Aliajele turnabile au rezisten\u021be la trac\u021biune care variaz\u0103 \u00eentre 200 \u0219i 380 MPa. De exemplu, a356 ob\u021bine 280 MPa \u0219i este extensibil (10%) chiar \u00eenainte de rupere.<\/p>\n<p>De asemenea, tratamentul termic (de exemplu, temperarea T6) induce o rezisten\u021b\u0103 sporit\u0103 20% \u0219i o ductilitate 8% \u00een A356. Acest lucru se realizeaz\u0103 prin \u00eenc\u0103lzirea aliajelor la 500\u00b0C, stingerea lor cu ap\u0103 \u0219i \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nirea lor la 150\u00b0C timp de 5 ore.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Corrosion_Resistance\"><\/span>Rezisten\u021ba la coroziune<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Atunci c\u00e2nd un aliaj con\u021bine magneziu (de exemplu, 520.0 cu 10% Mg), acesta ob\u021bine un strat de oxid protector. Acest lucru \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 pot concura \u00eempotriva coroziunii timp de 15-20 de ani \u00een medii marine.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen LM6, compozi\u021bia cu con\u021binut ridicat de siliciu previne coroziunea \u00een ap\u0103 s\u0103rat\u0103. Ca urmare, acestea continu\u0103 s\u0103 func\u021bioneze la o presiune de 50 Mpa \u00een produsele subacvatice.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thermal_and_Electrical_Conductivity\"><\/span>Conductivitate termic\u0103 \u0219i electric\u0103<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Aliajele precum 319 au 6% Si \u0219i 3% Cu. Astfel, conduc c\u0103ldura la 150 W\/m-K. Aceasta este ceea ce le face o alegere de top printre componentele motorului.<\/p>\n<p>De asemenea, au o densitate sc\u0103zut\u0103, care este de aproximativ 2,7 g\/cm\u00b3. \u00cembun\u0103t\u0103\u021be\u0219te eficien\u021ba consumului de combustibil (10%) datorit\u0103 greut\u0103\u021bii reduse, \u00een special \u00een cazul automobilelor.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Impact_of_Heat_Treatment\"><\/span>Impactul tratamentului termic<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Produc\u0103torii efectueaz\u0103 tratamentul termic pentru a reduce golurile \u0219i a rafina granula\u021bia. De exemplu, etapa de \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nire cre\u0219te duritatea de la 80 HB la 95 HB \u00een aliaje precum ADC12.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen plus, procesul de recristalizare (care are loc \u00een imagine) cauzeaz\u0103 contrac\u021bia gr\u0103un\u021bilor p\u00e2n\u0103 la 10-20 \u00b5m. Astfel, aliajul ob\u021bine o rezisten\u021b\u0103 crescut\u0103 la oboseal\u0103 (30%) ca rezultat.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Common_Aluminum_Alloy_Grades\"><\/span>Gradele comune ale aliajelor de aluminiu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A380\"><\/span>A380<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u00cen aliajul de aluminiu turnabil A380 sunt prezente 8-10% siliciu, 3-4% cupru \u0219i mai pu\u021bin de 1% fier. Particula de siliciu are un punct de topire mai sc\u0103zut. Acest lucru \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 acestea curg u\u0219or \u00een matri\u021be, umpl\u00e2nd fiecare spa\u021biu.<\/p>\n<p>Duritatea este mai bun\u0103 datorit\u0103 elementelor de cupru, ceea ce le face ideale pentru piesele supuse unor solicit\u0103ri ridicate. Acesta este motivul pentru care acest aliaj cu 320 MPa creeaz\u0103 suporturi de motor \u0219i carcase electronice.<\/p>\n<p>Acesta umple golurile \u00een mod corespunz\u0103tor \u0219i provoac\u0103, de asemenea, mai pu\u021bine defecte. \u00cen plus, acest aliaj se r\u0103ce\u0219te mai repede, rezult\u00e2nd un timp de produc\u021bie redus de aproximativ 15%.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A356\"><\/span>A356<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Aliajul A356 are con\u021binut de siliciu \u0219i magneziu (7% \u0219i, respectiv, 0,3%). Acesta este motivul pentru care ofer\u0103 fluiditate \u0219i rezisten\u021b\u0103 mai bune.<\/p>\n<p>Exist\u0103 aproximativ 280 MPa rezisten\u021b\u0103 la trac\u021biune \u00een acest aliaj \u0219i 12% ductilitate. Prin urmare, ele se pot \u00eentinde p\u00e2n\u0103 la 12% \u00eenainte de a se rupe.<\/p>\n<p>Pute\u021bi utiliza aliajul a356 pentru a realiza ro\u021bi de aeronave \u0219i automobile, piese de suspensie, trenuri de aterizare pentru aeronave \u0219i rame pentru aripi.<\/p>\n<p>De asemenea, are proprietatea unic\u0103 de a rezista la temperaturi de 200\u00b0C timp de 500 de ore. Chiar \u0219i la acest punct, nu se fisureaz\u0103 u\u0219or.<\/p>\n<p>Dup\u0103 tratamentul termic, acest aliaj are o rezisten\u021b\u0103 sporit\u0103 (20%). Astfel, acestea sunt ideale pentru utilizarea \u00een aplica\u021bii aerospa\u021biale.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6061\"><\/span>6061<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Aliajul 6061 este compus din 1% magneziu, 0,6% siliciu \u0219i 0,3% cupru. Aceste elemente, precum magneziul, \u00eei sporesc capacitatea de a opri coroziunea. Acest aliaj rezist\u0103 20 de ani \u00een exterior \u0219i nu rugine\u0219te.<\/p>\n<p>Cite\u0219te \u0219i: <a href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/aliaje-de-aluminiu-6061-vs-6063\/\">Aliaje de aluminiu 6061 vs 6063<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Rezisten\u021ba la trac\u021biune (310 Mpa) a aliajului 6061 \u00eel face util \u00een poduri, grinzi \u0219i piese de \u0219asiu precum bra\u021be de suspensie \u0219i cadre marine. Densitatea sa sc\u0103zut\u0103 contribuie \u00een continuare la u\u0219urarea lui 60% fa\u021b\u0103 de o\u021bel.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ADC12\"><\/span>ADC12<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Con\u021bin\u00e2nd 10-20% siliciu \u0219i 2-3% cupru, aliajul ADC12 este destul de popular. Siliciul din acest metal permite o turnare lin\u0103, \u00een timp ce cuprul \u00eei cre\u0219te duritatea.<\/p>\n<p>Tratamentul termic aduce modific\u0103ri ale durit\u0103\u021bii, dep\u0103\u0219ind-o la 95 HB <strong>(<\/strong>Brinell<strong>)<\/strong>. Acest aliaj este utilizat pentru a face piese precum blocuri de motor auto, carcase de smartphone \u0219i carcase de cutie de viteze.<\/p>\n<p>De asemenea, preia profiluri cu forme complexe \u00een 30 de secunde, economisind produc\u021bia p\u00e2n\u0103 la 25%.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"LM25\"><\/span>LM25<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Aliajul LM25 este fabricat prin ad\u0103ugarea a 0,3% magneziu \u0219i 7% siliciu. \u00cen plus, rezisten\u021ba sa la trac\u021biune atinge 260 MPa la 200 \u00b0C.  Acesta ofer\u0103 o bun\u0103 turnabilitate pentru fabricarea carcaselor de pompe, a structurilor marine \u0219i a supapelor hidraulice.<\/p>\n<p>Pere\u021bii s\u0103i turna\u021bi \u00een nisip sunt la fel de sub\u021biri ca 1 mm; aceasta este ceea ce face caracteristica sa unic\u0103. A\u0219adar, LM25 se potrive\u0219te perfect cu produc\u021bia de modele u\u0219oare.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"LM6\"><\/span>LM6<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>10-13% din con\u021binutul de siliciu \u0219i mai pu\u021bin de 0,1% de magneziu sunt prezente \u00een aliajul LM6. Datorit\u0103 cantit\u0103\u021bii mai mari de siliciu, acest aliaj nu se corodeaz\u0103 u\u0219or. Acesta poate rezista la o presiune de 50 MPa \u00een apa de mare.<\/p>\n<p>Produc\u0103torii \u00eel folosesc pentru turnarea elicelor de barc\u0103 \u0219i a fitingurilor de doc. Complet\u00e2nd anii, acestea func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een ap\u0103 s\u0103rat\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 rugineasc\u0103. Asta reduce, de asemenea, costurile de \u00eentre\u021binere cu p\u00e2n\u0103 la 40%.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5200\"><\/span>520.0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Aliajul de aluminiu turnabil 520.0 are 10% magneziu \u0219i 0,1% siliciu. Aceast\u0103 propunere de elemente \u00eei cre\u0219te rezisten\u021ba la trac\u021biune (380 MPa) \u0219i \u00eei reduce greutatea cu p\u00e2n\u0103 la 50%.<\/p>\n<p>Le pute\u021bi utiliza pentru a realiza suporturi aerospa\u021biale, carcase de rachete \u0219i echipamente militare. O alt\u0103 caracteristic\u0103 este aceea de a suporta vibra\u021bii de aproximativ 500 Hz, f\u0103r\u0103 a prezenta fisuri.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"319\"><\/span>319<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Acest aliaj are 6% siliciu \u0219i 3% cupru. Siliciul \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021be\u0219te fluiditatea, dar cuprul ob\u021bine o conductivitate termic\u0103 mai bun\u0103 (150 W\/m-K).<\/p>\n<p>Acestea sunt turnate pentru a face capete de cilindri \u0219i radiatoare. Ofer\u0103 o precizie maxim\u0103 \u00een piese, cum ar fi \u00b10,02 mm \u0219i se potrive\u0219te perfect \u00een motoare.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"413\"><\/span>413<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Aliajul 413 include 12% siliciu \u0219i 2% fier. Acesta este motivul pentru care ofer\u0103 o etan\u0219eitate la presiune de aproximativ 50 MPa. Piesele, cum ar fi pompele \u0219i supapele hidraulice, sunt aplica\u021biile lor.<\/p>\n<p>De asemenea, acest aliaj sigileaz\u0103 scurgerile \u00een spa\u021bii, care pot fi la fel de mici ca 0,5 mm, economisind lichid.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"535\"><\/span>535<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Produc\u0103torii adaug\u0103 7% magneziu \u0219i 0,15% siliciu \u00een compozi\u021bia aliajului 535. Rezisten\u021ba sa la coroziune este conform\u0103 cu exactitatea \u00een medii cu pH 8-10, cum ar fi apa de mare.<\/p>\n<p>Acestea sunt utilizate pentru a produce carene de nave \u0219i platforme offshore, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu sudarea la 300\u00b0C. Acestea nu se fisureaz\u0103 la aceast\u0103 temperatur\u0103 \u0219i pot rezista 25 de ani \u00een condi\u021bii marine.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Casting_Processes_for_Aluminum_Alloys\"><\/span>Procese de turnare pentru aliaje de aluminiu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Add-a-heading-2025-03-16T093926.898.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-18191 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Add-a-heading-2025-03-16T093926.898.png\" alt=\"proces de turnare sub presiune din aliaj de aluminiu turnabil\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Add-a-heading-2025-03-16T093926.898.png 800w, https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Add-a-heading-2025-03-16T093926.898-480x300.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 800px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Die_Casting\"><\/span>Turnare sub presiune<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Procesul de turnare sub presiune include topirea aliajului de aluminiu \u0219i injectarea acestuia \u00een matri\u021b\u0103 sub presiune ridicat\u0103. Piesele sunt turnate \u00een nu mai mult de 10-30 de secunde, iar rezultatul de ie\u0219ire \u00eendepline\u0219te parametrii rapizi \u0219i preci\u0219i.<\/p>\n<p>Dintre celelalte aliaje, A380 \u0219i ADC12 sunt cele mai frecvent utilizate pentru fabricarea suporturilor pentru motoare auto \u0219i a m\u00e2nerelor u\u0219ilor de avion.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sand_Casting\"><\/span>Sand Casting<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Procesul de turnare \u00een nisip utilizeaz\u0103 matri\u021be de nisip. Granula\u021bia acestora fluctueaz\u0103 \u00eentre 0,10 \u0219i 0,5 mm. Procesul este potrivit \u0219i se potrive\u0219te cu fabricarea unor piese precum blocuri motor. Este mult mai accesibil (50%) dec\u00e2t turnarea sub presiune, dar nu ofer\u0103 suprafe\u021be netede.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Investment_Casting\"><\/span>Turnare de investi\u021bii<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com.pk\/books?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;id=C4-4EAAAQBAJ&amp;oi=fnd&amp;pg=PP1&amp;dq=Investment+casting&amp;ots=RsdXzfLfyW&amp;sig=XGTN46pqDmkOSgB5C5nyvTArqek\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Turnare de investi\u021bii<\/a> include modele de cear\u0103 cu acoperiri ceramice. Acestea produc piese care adaug\u0103 elemente detaliate, cum ar fi paletele turbinei.<\/p>\n<p>De asemenea, se ob\u021bin \u00een mod eficient toleran\u021be mai str\u00e2nse de aproximativ \u00b1 0,05 mm, dar dureaz\u0103 foarte mult timp (48 de ore pe matri\u021b\u0103).<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Challenges_and_Solutions_in_Aluminum_Casting\"><\/span>Provoc\u0103ri \u0219i solu\u021bii \u00een turnarea aluminiului<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Casting_Defects\"><\/span>Defecte de turnare<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Aliajele de aluminiu turnabile provoac\u0103 defecte precum porozitatea \u0219i contrac\u021bia, care sl\u0103besc piesele. Acesta este exact motivul pentru care trebuie s\u0103 utiliza\u021bi turnarea \u00een vid pentru a reduce porozitatea cu p\u00e2n\u0103 la 70%.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi rugozitatea suprafe\u021bei (de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 12,5 \u00b5m), este important s\u0103 se efectueze degro\u0219area cu bile de 0,5 mm la 80 psi.<\/p>\n<p>De asemenea, pre\u00eenc\u0103lzirea matri\u021belor \u00eenainte de injectarea aliajului topit evit\u0103 lipirea \u0219i umple zonele interne cu o fluiditate mai bun\u0103.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Alloy_Selection\"><\/span>Selectarea aliajului<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Alegerea aliajului gre\u0219it poate distruge \u00eentregul proiect. De exemplu, A380 este cel mai potrivit pentru piese de vehicule cu pere\u021bi sub\u021biri.<\/p>\n<p>\u00centre timp, LM6 creeaz\u0103 un suport de rezisten\u021b\u0103 care face fa\u021b\u0103 apei de mare. ADC12 umple golurile mai mici \u00een cel mult 30 de secunde, dar poate cr\u0103pa dac\u0103 este supra\u00eenc\u0103lzit la peste 600\u00b0C.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Heat_Treatment_Challenges\"><\/span>Provoc\u0103rile tratamentului termic<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/heat-treatment-of-alu-alloys.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-18192 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/heat-treatment-of-alu-alloys-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"tratament termic aluminiu die cating\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/heat-treatment-of-alu-alloys-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/heat-treatment-of-alu-alloys-980x980.jpg 980w, https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/heat-treatment-of-alu-alloys-480x480.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1024px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Zona fierbinte a cuptoarelor \u00eenc\u0103lze\u0219te aliajele. Utilizarea unei temperaturi de 500 \u00b0C \u0219i func\u021bionarea timp de 4 ore le confer\u0103 caracteristici puternice.<\/p>\n<p>Rezervorul de c\u0103lire din acest proces ajut\u0103 la prevenirea fisurilor, deoarece r\u0103ce\u0219te piesele la 10\u00b0C\/min. Cu toate acestea, temperatura de r\u0103cire nu trebuie s\u0103 fie slab\u0103. Acest lucru se datoreaz\u0103 faptului c\u0103 se poate risca fragilitatea. De exemplu, c\u0103lirea corect\u0103 aduce rezisten\u021ba 20% la aliajul 6061.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Concluzie:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Aliajele de aluminiu turnabile sunt foarte importante \u00een multe industrii, cum ar fi industria auto, aerospa\u021bial\u0103, industrial\u0103 sau chiar produsele de consum. Ele sunt u\u0219oare \u00een greutate, motiv pentru care reduc consumul de combustibil.<\/p>\n<p>De asemenea, capacitatea lor de a opri coroziunea \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 pot dura mai mult de 25 de ani. Acesta este \u0219i motivul pentru care sunt mai preten\u021bioase \u00een medii dificile.<\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 exist\u0103 provoc\u0103ri precum contrac\u021bia sau porozitatea, le pute\u021bi rezolva folosind tehnici speciale. A\u0219adar, realiza\u021bi produse versatile folosind aliaje de aluminiu la alegerea dvs.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Citi\u021bi propriet\u0103\u021bile aliajelor de aluminiu turnabile precum A380, A356 \u0219i 6061. Afla\u021bi mai multe despre rezisten\u021ba lor la trac\u021biune, rezisten\u021ba la coroziune \u0219i impactul asupra industriilor precum cea auto, aerospa\u021bial\u0103 \u0219i electronic\u0103. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":18193,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18187","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aluminium-alloy-castings"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18187","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18187"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18187\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18193"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18187"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18187"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aludiecasting.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18187"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}